1631
Gustavus Adolphus on horseback, with the Battle of Breitenfeld behind him, in a painting photographed in StrasbourgImage: DCHNwam · Public domainworld · Europe
Gustavus Adolphus wins the Battle of Breitenfeld
For more than a decade the Catholic armies of the Holy Roman Emperor had beaten every Protestant force sent against them in the Thirty Years’ War. In 1630 King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden landed in northern Germany, and the next year he was joined by the Elector of Saxony. On 17 September 1631 their army met the veteran imperial army of Count Tilly at Breitenfeld, north of Leipzig. The Saxons fled, but the Swedes’ mobile guns and flexible lines of musketeers held and then shattered Tilly’s massed squares. It was the first great Protestant victory of the war and made Sweden a European power. (The date was 7 September in the old calendar the Swedes used.)
Source: Britannica: Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) ↗
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