The path to the rotunda of the Bannockburn battlefield monument near Stirling, where the Saltire fliesImage: Martin Kraft · CC BY-SA 3.0Robert the Bruce routs the English at Bannockburn
By 1314 Robert the Bruce, crowned King of Scots in 1306, had taken back almost every castle the English held in Scotland. Only Stirling Castle still stood out, and its English commander had agreed to surrender it unless an English army came to relieve it by Midsummer Day, 24 June. Edward II marched north with one of the largest armies England had sent into Scotland, and Robert chose his ground carefully, in the New Park beside the road to Stirling, where a small stream called the Bannock Burn and boggy land hemmed in any attacker. Fighting began on 23 June, when Robert himself killed the English knight Henry de Bohun in single combat in front of both armies. On 24 June the Scottish spearmen advanced against an English army crowded onto cramped and marshy ground, where its cavalry could not manoeuvre. The English broke, many men were killed or drowned as they fled, and Edward II barely escaped. Bannockburn secured Robert’s hold on his kingdom, though England did not formally accept Scottish independence until 1328.
Source: Britannica: Battle of Bannockburn ↗
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