The Battle of Arsuf as imagined by the French painter Éloi Firmin Féron in the 19th centuryImage: Éloi Firmin Féron · Public domainRichard the Lionheart defeats Saladin at Arsuf
In 1187 Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, destroyed the army of the crusader kingdom of Jerusalem and took the holy city. The Third Crusade set out to win it back, and in July 1191 the crusaders, led by King Richard I of England, captured the port of Acre after a two-year siege. Richard then marched his army south along the coast towards Jaffa, the nearest port to Jerusalem, with his fleet alongside and his infantry shielding the knights from constant attacks by Saladin’s mounted archers. On 7 September 1191, on the plain north of Arsuf, Saladin threw his whole army against the marching column, hoping to provoke the crusader knights into a disorderly charge. Richard held them back until the moment was right, though some of the Hospitallers broke ranks first, and the charge that followed scattered Saladin’s army. It was the only great pitched battle between the two leaders. Richard went on to take Jaffa, but he never reached Jerusalem, and a year later the two men agreed a truce.
Source: Britannica: Richard I, king of England ↗
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